📐 四段式结构总览
先看一眼全貌，心里有个框架：
这个结构简单、清晰、实用。考官一眼就能看出你的文章条理分明，这对Coherence and Cohesion（连贯与衔接）的得分非常有帮助。
接下来，我们逐段拆解。
📝 第一段：开头段怎么写？
开头段的任务很简单：改写题目（paraphrase）。
别小看这一步。直接照抄题目会给考官留下“偷懒”的印象，而且也显示不出你的语言能力。
改写技巧
常用开头句型
数据图（折线图/柱状图/饼图/表格）开头模板：
| 原句 | 改写方式 |
|---|---|
| The graph shows... | The graph illustrates / compares / gives information about... |
| ...in the UK | ...in Britain / the United Kingdom |
| ...between 2000 and 2020 | ...from 2000 to 2020 / over a 20-year period |
| ...the number of people | ...the figure for people / how many people |
| ...the percentage of... | ...the proportion of... / what percentage of... |
流程图开头模板：
The diagram illustrates the process of / how...
The flow chart shows the various stages in...
The picture below shows how... is produced/made.
地图题开头模板：
The maps compare / show how... has changed over...
The two maps illustrate the development of...
The maps below show... in two different time periods.
开头段示例
我们来看一个具体例子：
🔍 第二段：概括段怎么写？
概括段是整篇文章最重要的一段！
为什么？因为官方评分标准明确写着：
这就是为什么我一直强调：必须写概括段，必须写概括段，必须写概括段。
概括段的作用
概括段开头句型
| 句型 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|
| Overall, it is clear that... | 最常用，万金油 |
| In general, ... | 通用 |
| It is noticeable that... | 强调显著特征 |
| The most striking feature is that... | 强调最突出的点 |
| Looking at the data as a whole, ... | 通用 |
动态图 vs 静态图的概括重点
📊 第三段&第四段：细节段怎么写？
细节段是展示你数据描述能力的地方。概括段说了“大方向”，细节段就要补充“具体证据”。
如何把数据分成两段？
这是很多同学的困惑点：一张图表这么多数据，我怎么分成两段？
没有“最正确”的分法，只要逻辑清晰、不重复、不遗漏就好。
细节段写作要点
细节段常用句型
描述起点：
In 2000, the figure for X stood at 20%.
At the beginning of the period, X was the highest at...
Initially, X accounted for approximately...
描述变化：
X increased/decreased to Y by the end of the period.
Over the following decade, X rose/fell dramatically to Y.
After a slight dip in 2010, X recovered to reach Y.
描述终点：
By 2020, X had reached Y.
At the end of the period, X stood at Y, compared to Z for...
Finally, X levelled off at approximately Y.
进行比较：
X was significantly higher than Y throughout the period.
While X increased, Y showed the opposite trend.
X and Y followed similar patterns, both rising to around...
细节段示例
📋 四段结构检查清单
写完后，用这个清单自检：
🎯 完整范文展示
理论讲完了，让我们看一篇完整的四段式范文，感受一下这个结构的实际效果：