犯罪类话题虽然不是最高频的，但一旦考到，很多同学会卡壳——因为这类词汇比较专业。
记住：考的最多的是“刑罚目的”和“青少年犯罪”两个方向。
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| severe/harsh sentence | 严厉的刑罚 | "Severe sentences can deter potential criminals." |
| light punishment | 轻的处罚 | "Light punishment may not deter repeat offenders." |
| impose punishment | 施加惩罚 | "Courts impose punishment on offenders." |
| death penalty / capital punishment | 死刑 | "The death penalty remains controversial." |
| life imprisonment | 终身监禁 | "Life imprisonment is the harshest sentence besides death." |
| fine | 罚款 | "Fines are common for minor offences." |
| community service | 社区服务 | 一种替代监禁的刑罚 |
| 概念 | 英文表达 | 解释 |
|---|
| 威慑 | deterrence / deterrent | 让潜在犯罪者不敢犯罪 |
| 报应 | retribution | 让犯罪者为罪行付出代价 |
| 改造 | rehabilitation | 帮助犯罪者改过自新 |
| 隔离 | incapacitation | 把犯罪者与社会隔离 |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| serve as a warning | 起警示作用 | "Harsh punishment serves as a warning to others." |
| protect the public | 保护公众 | "Prisons protect the public from dangerous criminals." |
| justice must be served | 必须伸张正义 | "For victims, justice must be served." |
| proportionate to the crime | 与罪行相称 | "Punishment should be proportionate to the crime." |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| retributive justice | 报应正义 | There is the principle of retributive justice: those who cause harm deserve proportionate consequences. 16 监狱的目的是惩罚还是改造 |
| intrinsically right | 本质上正确的 | This view holds that punishment is intrinsically right, not merely instrumentally useful. |
| deterrent function | 威慑功能 | Punishment serves a deterrent function—the threat of imprisonment discourages potential offenders. |
| closure for victims | 受害者的了结 | Seeing offenders punished provides closure for victims. |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| give a second chance | 给第二次机会 | "Offenders deserve a second chance." |
| address the root causes | 解决根本原因 | "We should address the root causes of crime." |
| break the cycle of crime | 打破犯罪循环 | "Rehabilitation helps break the cycle of crime." |
| productive members of society | 对社会有贡献的成员 | "The goal is to create productive members of society." |
| reduce reoffending rates | 降低再犯率 | "Rehabilitation programmes reduce reoffending rates." |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| recidivism | 再犯率 | Reducing recidivism saves enormous costs in future imprisonment. 16 监狱的目的是惩罚还是改造 |
| reintegration | 重新融入社会 | The focus should be on preparing inmates for successful reintegration. |
| law-abiding lives | 守法的生活 | Rehabilitation equips offenders with skills to lead law-abiding lives. |
| underlying causes | 根本原因 | Rehabilitation addresses the underlying causes of criminal behaviour. |
| incalculable cost | 不可估量的成本 | Not to mention the incalculable cost of future victims. |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| juvenile delinquent | 少年犯 | 正式用语 |
| young offender | 年轻罪犯 | "Young offenders need different treatment." |
| first-time offender | 初犯 | "First-time offenders may be given lighter sentences." |
| repeat offender / recidivist | 累犯 | "Recidivists pose a greater threat to society." |
| be tried as an adult | 作为成年人受审 | "Some argue teens should be tried as adults." |
| 词汇 | 含义 | 范文原句 |
|---|
| culpable | 应受责备的 | Young people are therefore less culpable for their actions. 15 青少年犯罪应该如何处理 |
| susceptible to peer pressure | 易受同伴压力影响 | Adolescents are more susceptible to peer pressure. |
| adolescent brain not fully developed | 青少年大脑未完全发育 | Research shows the adolescent brain is not fully developed until the mid-twenties. |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | 自我实现的预言 | Treating young offenders as irredeemable becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. |
| more responsive to intervention | 对干预反应更积极 | Juveniles are more responsive to intervention than adults. |
| perpetrator | 犯罪者 | Victims suffer equally regardless of the perpetrator's age. |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| peer pressure | 同伴压力 | "Peer pressure is a major factor in youth crime." |
| lack of parental supervision | 缺乏父母监管 | "Lack of supervision leads to delinquency." |
| broken/dysfunctional family | 破碎/功能失调的家庭 | "Many offenders come from dysfunctional families." |
| exposure to violence in media | 接触媒体暴力 | "Media violence may influence young minds." |
| poverty and unemployment | 贫困和失业 | "Poverty drives some to crime." |
| in one's formative years | 在性格形成期 | "Experiences in formative years shape behaviour." |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| early intervention | 早期干预 | "Early intervention can prevent youth crime." |
| counselling services | 心理咨询服务 | "Counselling services help at-risk youth." |
| educational programmes | 教育项目 | "Educational programmes offer alternatives." |
| rehabilitation programmes | 改造项目 | "Rehabilitation programmes reduce recidivism." |
| reintegrate into society | 重新融入社会 | "The goal is to reintegrate offenders into society." |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| justice system / legal system | 司法系统 | "The justice system must be fair." |
| law enforcement | 执法 | "Law enforcement plays a key role." |
| crime rate | 犯罪率 | "Crime rates have fallen in recent years." |
| commit a crime | 犯罪 | "Those who commit crimes must face consequences." |
| break/violate the law | 违法 | "Breaking the law has consequences." |
| be convicted of | 被判...罪 | "He was convicted of theft." |
| 英文表达 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|
| act as a deterrent | 起威慑作用 | "Severe punishment acts as a deterrent." |
| prevent/reduce crime | 预防/减少犯罪 | "Education can prevent crime." |
| maintain law and order | 维护法律和秩序 | "Police maintain law and order." |
| surveillance cameras / CCTV | 监控摄像头 | "CCTV deters criminals." |
| community policing | 社区警务 | "Community policing builds trust." |
点击查看答案
- retributive justice
- developed
- recidivism
- culpable
- firm... flexible
