附录：历届真题(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
一、产品生产销售流程(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
1. 产品类型(8 词)
novel products
新奇的产品
baby cots
婴儿床
beds for toddlers
幼儿的床
four wheels
四个轮子
brakes
刹车
side bar
边栏
the base
床的底座
rounded or smooth edging
圆弧形或光滑的边缘
2. 品牌(7 词)
brand
品牌
Intellectual Property(IP)
知识产权
raise somebody's profile
提升某人(品牌)的形象/知名度
raise public awareness
提高公众意识认知
charity
慈善组织
win an Enterprise Award
获得了一个企业奖
prize money
奖金
3. 销售(2 词)
market share
市场占有率
top seller
畅销品
4. 运营(7 词)
office staff
办公室员工
maker
制造商
overheads
企业一般管理费用; 日常开支; 杂项开支
meet its overheads
满足其开销
invest
投资
secure our future
保障我们的未来
financial support
资金支持
5. 广告(4 词)
'Buyer Beware' programme
“买家请当心”节目
radio programmes
广播节目
TV commercial
电视商业广告
An advertising campaign for sth
某物的广告活动
6. 购买(3 词)
in the budget price range
在预算范围之内
demand for sth is enormous
对某物的需求巨大
pay the bills
付账单
7. 发货(4 词)
shipping costs
运费
consignment
发送的货物
distribute sth overseas
把...发往海外
constant supply
持续供应
8. 评价(21 词)
testers
测试者
customer
顾客
maker
制造商
respondents
调查对象
passengers
乘客, 旅客
quality
品质
safety hazard
安全风险
niggle
吹毛求疵，挑剔
good points
优点
safe
安全
convenient
方便
comfort
舒适
negatives
缺点
problems
问题
metal is rusted and bent
金属部分生锈和弯曲
sharp edges
锋利的边缘
expensive
昂贵的
verdict
评价
satisfactory
令人满意
dangerous
危险
best buy
(最值得买)最佳商品
9. 售后(0 词)
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二、企业管理(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
1. 企业文化(15 词)
Corporate Culture
企业文化
Company Cultures
公司文化
the culture of the organisation
组织文化
Enterprise mission
企业使命
Corporate Vision
企业愿景
Company Vision
公司愿景
Enterprise Purpose
企业宗旨
Enterprise Spirit
企业精神
Value of the enterprise
企业价值观
Enterprise value
企业价值
Enterprise management values
企业管理价值观
Corporate Values
企业价值观
Theory of Business
经营理念
Enterprise Beliefs
企业信仰
Unwritten ideas
企业不成文想法
2. 四种企业价值观(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
Collaboration - 合作(6 词)
consultative
协商
Collaborative
协作性
memorable
值得纪念的
some job best done by one person
有些工作最好由一个人完成
lead to inconsistency
导致分歧（-一个导致低销售额的常见因素）
wastes the resources (time and energy)
浪费资源（时间和精力）
Industriousness / hard work / hard-working - 努力(6 词)
strive for excellence
为卓越而奋斗
failed to boost sales
未能提升销售额
too creative, and make smaller profits
太有创意，利润较小
time-consuming
耗时
wastes energy
费神
leads to losing out on opportunities
使机会流失
Creativity - 创造性(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
Excellence - 卓越性(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
3. 四种公司文化类型(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
Power Culture - 权利文化(8 词)
small
小型
central power source
中央集权
few rules and procedures
很少的规则和程序
communication by conversations
通过对话沟通
can act quickly (responds well to threat, danger and opportunity)
可以快速行动（对威胁、危险和机会反应良好）
might not act effectively
可能不会有效行动
not afraid of risks
不害怕风险
doesn't need job security
不需要工作保障
Role Culture - 角色文化(8 词)
large, many levels
大型,不同层级
specialised departments
专业部门（如finance 金融, sales 销售, maintenance 维修等）
rules and procedures
规则和工作流程（如specific job descriptions 职位工作说明, rules for discipline 纪律条例）
achieve economies of scale
实现规模经济
successful when technical ability is important
在技术专长很重要的商业市场中，它尤其成功
slow to see when change is needed
往往非常慢才意识到改变的需要
values security
看重职业安全感
doesn't want responsibility
不太愿意承担责任
Task Culture - 任务文化(7 词)
project orientated
以项目为导向
in competitive market or making product with short life
在竞争激烈的市场或制造寿命短的产品
a lot of delegation
很多授权/代表
little day-to-day control is exercised from the top
很少有上级的日常管控
flexible
灵活
no economies of scale or special expertise
不能产生规模经济或深度的专业知识
likes to work in groups
喜欢在团队中工作
Person Culture - 个人文化(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
4. 企业发展模式(5 词)
strategic issues
战略性问题
mergers
兼并
takeovers
收购
business systems
商业体系
the parent organisation
母公司
5. 人才管理(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 职称(14 词)
Title
职称
entrepreneur
企业家
Chief Executives (CEOs)
首席执行官
senior roles
高级职位
hierarchy
等级制度；领导层
directors of the company
公司领导
colleagues
同事
managers
经理
board members
董事会成员
human resources
人力资源部
external mediator
外部调解员
self-employed workers
自由职业者
freelancer
自由职业者
behind-the-scenes administrators
幕后管理员
(2) 技能(3 词)
Skills
技能
leadership
领导力
efficiency
效率
(3) 管理模式将员工划分为4种(5 词)
clever
聪明
hard-working
努力
stupid
愚蠢
lazy
懒惰
People who have a rational determination not to carry out unnecessary tasks.
那些倾向于理性决策不希望开展不必要工作的人
(4) 自我调节定向理论和领导力(24 词)
Self-regulatory focus theory is a theory developed by Tori Higgins.
自我调节定向理论是由Tori Higgins开发的理论。
approach pleasure
接近快乐
avoid pain
避免痛苦
emphasise achievement
强调成就
focus on: emphasise achievement
关注：强调成就
avoid punishment
避免惩罚
comes from: one's personality
来源于：一个人的个性
we are more likely to focus on promotion goals when with a friend.
当我们和朋友在一起时，我们更可能关注促进目标。
we are more likely to focus on prevention goals with our boss
当我们和老板在一起时，我们更可能关注预防目标
People think about an ideal version of themselves, their aspirations and gains.
当我们集中注意力于趋进式目标时，人们想的是理想中的自己、抱负和收获
don't think about what they can lose, so they think in a happier mode.
不会考虑他们可能会失去什么，所以他们以一种更开心的模式思考。
feel more inspired to change.
觉受到更多启发而去改变。
People think about their 'ought' self and their obligations.
当人们集中注意力在回避式目标上时，他们想的是自己应当的样子。
consider their obligations to others.
考虑自己对其他人的责任
experience more anxiety and try to avoid situations where they could lose.
经受了更多的焦虑，并且尽量避免他们可能失败的情形。
leadership
领导力
transformational leaders
变革型领导
transactional leaders
维持型领导者/事务型领导者
pay special attention to the development of their followers.
特别关注其追随者的发展。
passionately communicate a dear vision.
富有激情地传达美好的愿景。
inspire promotion focus in followers
在追随者中激发促进焦点
create structures to make expectations clear.
创建结构使期望清晰。
emphasise the results of a mistake.
强调错误的结果。
inspire prevention focus in followers.
在追随者中激发预防焦点。
6. 工作交流模式(4 词)
the form of conversations
谈话的形式
formal meetings
正式会议
seminar
研讨会
written memos
书面备忘录
三、行业市场(6 词)
a wide range of business settings
很广的行业领域
branch banks
分支银行
retail stores
零售商店
real estate agencies
房地产中介
factories
工厂
call centres
呼叫中心
1. 酒店旅游业(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 酒店类型(9 词)
Hospitality and Tourism module
酒店和旅游模块
first-class hotel
一流的酒店
opulent
华丽的
luxurious
奢侈的
chic so-called boutique hotels
别致的所谓精品酒店
stately mansions
豪宅
plush hotels
豪华酒店
luxury serviced apartments
豪华服务式公寓
eco-hotels
生态旅馆
(2) 角色(2 词)
hotelier
酒店经营者
business travellers
商务旅客
(3) 酒店物品(5 词)
cosmetics
化妆品
the miniscule bottles of shampoo
一小瓶洗发水
tiny bars of soap
一小块肥皂
bedding
床上用品
pillow
枕头
四、企业犯罪(14 词)
corporate crime
企业犯罪
theft by employee
员工盗窃
embezzlement
挪用; 贪污
fraud against one's actual employer
对实际雇主的欺诈
unintentional crime
无意犯罪
conventional crime
传统犯罪
robbery
抢劫
theft
偷
murder
谋杀
oil tanker
油轮
illegal profit
非法获利
mass media
大众传播媒介〔包括电视、广播和报纸〕
individual customers
个人客户
specialist knowledge
专业知识
五、同义替换(117 词)
easy = simple
易于
Problems = On the minus side = negatives
在不足这方面；缺点
Verdict = labelled
评价；标为
convenient = convenience
方便的；便利
easy to reach = get where he wanted to go without much trouble
容易到达
regular = regularly = constant
定期的；持续地；持续的
the charity relies on getting enough bicycles to send regularly. = in order to continue operating we need to have a constant supply of bikes which we send out every six months.
该慈善机构正常运营依靠于有足够的自行车定期发送的收入；为了能正常运转，我们需要源源不断的自行车供给，再每六个月把它们发出去。
totally transformed = developed so much, you wouldn't recognise it as the same place.
彻底改变；发生了翻天覆地的变化，你不会认出是同一个地方。
It couldn't meet its overheads. = ran out of money
它无法满足其开销；没有钱了
hoping to buy = looking to invest
考虑购置
help = support
支持
give = donate
给予；捐赠
hold an event to raise money = activities you could organise to bring in funds for us.
做一些活动来帮我们筹集基金
identify areas that need bikes = hear of other places that would benefit from receiving a consignment of bikes
确定需要自行车的区域；了解其他地方可以从接收自行车托运中受益(语境式同替，比较难理解)
few = there aren't many
很少；没有很多
by = takes the form of ...
通过；采取...的形式
advantage = benefits = good thing
益处
disadvantage = the negative side = harmful effects
负面影响
employee = person who in this business
员工
not afraid of risks = happy to take risks
喜欢冒险的
economies of scale = fixed costs = overheads
规模经济；固定成本；管理费用
outputs = produces
产出；产生
ability = expertise
能力；专门知识或技能
result in = cause = lead to = turn out
导致；造成；导致最后结果是
deal with = managing = come up with solutions = looks for solution
处理；提出解决方案；寻求解决方式
build = construct = construction
建设
experienced = descended into
陷入
win(won) = solved the challenge brilliantly
胜利；成功；很机制的解决了这个问题
target = aim at
瞄准
industriousness = hard work = hard-working
勤奋；努力
bad use of = waste
使用不当；浪费
refer to = mean
引用；指的是；意味着
do = carry out
执行
memorable = remember
值得纪念的
the launch of = campaign for
推出；为…助选；为…而进行活动
advertise = adverts = advertisement
(给…)做广告宣传；广告
fail = without having any effect
失败；没有任何效果
be used = be targeted
被运用在
particular problem = a problem that has identified
所鉴定出的具体问题
particular = specific
特殊的，特定的
have = command = gain = earn
拥有；赢得，博得
that was far higher than that of followers = the followers achieved less than half that
这远远高于追随者；追随者只实现了不到一半的目标
miss = lose out
流失
investigate = deeper insight into
调查；更深入地了解
and = as well as
和
develop new designs = design new products
开发新设计
want to = eager to
想要
check the time used = how much time they'd spent on
查看使用的时间；花了多少时间
improve = help
改善
in different parts of the hospital = no matter where they were
无论在哪里(语境式同意替换)
record = track
记录；追踪
emotions = feelings
情感
feel = be
感觉
comfortable = open up pretty easily
自在的；舒坦的；容易打开心扉
direct = first-hand
第一手的,直接的
guide = follow the direction
引路; 指导；遵循指示
greater = major = large
更大的
company = enterprise = business = corporation
公司
rising = growing very fast
快速增长
discussion = consult
讨论, 商讨；咨询
work remotely = remote working
远程办公
senior roles = senior management positions
高级职位
depressed = dispiriting
令人沮丧的
high costs = pay a great deal of money
一大笔钱
overlook = underestimated
忽视；低估
a comfortable environment = feel at home in surroundings which are both familiar and inviting.
既熟悉又吸引人的环境中感到宾至如归
a wide variety of = a whole range of different types
各种各样的；一系列不同的类型
It has a very limited effect. = simply didn't matter
它的作用非常有限；根本无所谓
a stylish kitchen = a sleek modem kitchen
时尚的现代厨房
throughout the world = all over the world
遍及世界；世界各地的
routine life = everyday lives
日常生活
like = it's almost as if
好像
cosmetics = the miniscule bottles of shampoo = tiny bars of soap
化妆品；一小瓶洗发水；一小块肥皂
focus on = emphasise = orient towards = pay special attention to
强调；倾向于；把重点放在
avoiding punishment = avoidance of punishment
避免惩罚
comes from = is connected to
来源于；与...有关
one's = person's
一个人的
an ideal version of themselves = their ideal self
他们理想中的自己
passionately communicate = speech is passionate
演讲富有激情
a dear vision = a definitive vision
美好的愿景；明确的愿景
create = develop
开发
expectation = expect
期望
require = need
需要
affect = influence
影响
prove = show
证明；展示
the results of a mistake = the consequences of making a mistake = will be punished = punishment = won't get rewarded if his or her behaviour doesn't change.
犯错的结果；惩罚；如果行为不改变就不会得到奖励
result = cause
结果；原因
differences = incompatible with
不相容
both = combine = combination
两者都；（使）结合；结合
structure = model
构造；模型
create a feeling = suffer
感受到；遭受
respect = politeness in all communications = treating them as equals who happen to have a different role within the organisation.
礼貌沟通；平等对待那些站在公司对立面的人
occur = happen
发生
Someone from outside the company = external mediator
外部调解员
generate = create
创造
repetition = repeat = copy
重复；复制
more attractive →【否定排除】less glamorous activity
更加有吸引力；不那么迷人的活动
frequent = often
频繁的；经常
more straightforward = simpler
更简单直接的；更简单的
more = a lot of
更多
outside →【否定排除】confine
在…范围之外；把…局限于
produce consistent findings = repeat their own successes, and manage the knowledge they've acquired
（语境是同替）
certain circumstances = a particular system
在特定情况下；一个特定的体系
explain = describe
说明，解释；描述
ideal = perfect
理想的；完美的
try to = attempt to
尝试
inaccurate = wasn't accurate
不准确
comparison = comparable
比较；可比性
changes = modifications = adjust
修改，更改，改变；调整
impose = exert
强制实行；施加影响；运用〔权力〕；施加〔影响力〕
rigorous = strict
严格的，严厉的
copy = duplicate
复制
features = physical characteristics
外在表面特征
theft by employee = employees stealing from their company
员工盗窃
insignificant = unimportant
微不足道的
massive = large
巨大的
that didn't make the results any less tragic = had tragic results
这并没有让结果变得不那么悲惨；产生了悲惨的结果
六、常见失误(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
1. 拼写(13 词)
stick - stuck - stuck
粘贴
unnecessary
不必要
chocolate bar
巧克力棒
analysis
分析
achievement
成就
situational
情境的
escape
逃避
bullying
霸凌
superiority
优越感
absence
缺席
democratic
民主的
combination
联合
unaware
未觉察到的
2. 复数(10 词)
fingers
手指
side effects
副作用
resources
资源
patients
病人
numbers
数字
structures
结构
aspirations
抱负
attitudes
态度
controls
控制
skills
技能知识
3. 连字符(2 词)
note-taking
记笔记
brakes
刹车系统；制动；刹车
4. 数字(1 词)
fifteen of the seventy-five-thousand-pound
75,000 镑中的15,000 镑
七、口语摘录(27 词)
We will feature the good points, the problems and our verdict.
我们会重点比较优点、问题和评价。
The makers have now promised to discontinue this practice.
制造商现在已承诺停止这种做法。
we simply ran out of money.
我们竟然没有钱了。
It was a terrible situation.
这真是糟糕的状况。
the other problems carried on for several months.
其他的问题又延续了好几个月。
...which helped us enormously.
...，这极大地帮助了我们
enable somebody/something to do something
使某人/某事能够做某事
Because of our work, people in a number of countries now have a better standard of living.
由于我们的工作，在一些国家的人们现在提高了生活标准
if we can't repair it, we'll strip it down for spare parts.
如果我们修不了，我们会把它分解成备用的零件。
take somebody/something for granted
视某人/某事为理所当然〔而对其不重视〕
In public discussion of business, we take certain values for granted.
在对于商业的公开讨论中，我们这些价值观是理所当然的。
comply with the rule
遵守规则
And in some cases. regulation will need to be strengthened.
在某些情况下，法规需要加强。
the person with an aptitude for puzzles.
擅长拼图解谜能力的人。
to meet the needs
满足需要
to meet the needs of
满足…的需求
The result was that it met the needs of neither group.
结果是两头都没有顾到。
It's easy to mock people who say they work hard: after all, a hamster running around in a wheel is working hard - and getting nowhere.
“一个仓鼠在轮子里再怎么努力奔跑，也只是无用功。”用这样一句话来嘲笑那些努力的人是轻而易举的事情。
Most people display two of these characteristics, and the most valuable people are those who are both clever and lazy: they possess intellectual clarity, and they don't rush into making decisions.
大多数人具有其中的两种特性，而最有价值的是同时具备即聪明又懒惰的人。他们不仅思路清晰，同时不会急着去做出决定。
Instead of throwing more man-hours at a problem, the clever and lazy group looks for a more effective solution.
而不是在某一个问题上不断地浪费时间。这些聪明又懒惰的人会寻求更加有效的解决方式。
The trouble is that the creator derives pleasure from coming up with the idea, and wrongly assumes the audience for the campaign will share that feeling.
问题就在于广告的创造者虽然乐此不彼的想出了这个点子，却单方面的认为它所面向的观众会有相同的感觉。
'Make sure it's excellent' sounds like a good approach to business, but the 'just-get-started' approach is likely to be more successful.
“确保卓越性”听起来好似一个不错的商务手段，但是“刚刚起步”这种心态却往往更容易带来成功。
This can result in some compelling insights that can in turn feed back to the whole design process.
最后可能会得出一些令人叹服的观点，然后他们可以将其反馈到整个设计流程中。
be they travelling for work or pleasure: the need to feel at home in surroundings which are both familiar and inviting.
无论他们是为了工作还是休闲旅行：需要在既熟悉又吸引人的环境中感到宾至如归。
..., to name but a few.
...，这仅仅是列举的一小部分。
Much of this is covered by the term bullying, by which I mean one or more people behaving abusively or aggressively against another who is in a weaker position.
大多数情况下可以用欺辱来形容。我的意思是一人或多人对抗居于弱势地位者，表现出辱骂行为或进攻行为。
Managers who want to apply existing knowledge typically start off by going to an expert - such as the person who designed and is running a successful department store - and picking their brains.
想运用现有知识的管理者通常会先去咨询专家，比如那些设计并成功运营了一家百货商场的人，吸取他们的经验。