附录：历届真题(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
一、城市问题(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
1. 城市规划(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 住宅建筑(4 词)
domestic buildings
住宅建筑
high-rise housing development
高层楼盘开发
apartment blocks
公寓楼
eco-housing
生态住宅
(2) 公共建筑(24 词)
public buildings
公共建筑
Concert Hall
音乐厅
auditorium
听众席;礼堂
cinema
电影院
fountain
喷泉
shopping centre
购物中心
supermarkets
超市
department stores
百货大楼
well-known chain stores
知名连锁店
retailers
零售商
factory
工厂
high-rise office blocks
高楼办公大厦
children's Adventure Playground
儿童游乐园
central business district
中心商业区
bridge
桥
multi-storey car park
多层停车场
premises
〔商店、餐馆、公司等使用的〕房屋及土地
town square
城市广场
railway station
火车站
railway company
铁路公司
street drainage system
街道排水系统
Open-Air Swimming Pool
露天泳池
heated pool
加热泳池
city council
市政厅
(3) 建筑的功能(7 词)
function of the building
建筑的功能
entertainment
娱乐
education
教育
administration
行政
significance of the building
建筑的意义
social meaning
社会意义
a central symbolic idea
中心象征意义
(4) 建筑专有名称(8 词)
ceiling
天花板
curtains
窗帘
panels
面板
flat wall
平墙
screen
屏幕
photovoltaic tiles
光伏瓦片
sloping wall
斜墙
foam
泡沫
(5) 建筑材料(6 词)
rubber
橡胶
pads
垫子
honey-coloured wood
蜜色木板
beech
山毛榉
concrete
混凝土
cement
水泥
(6) 相关人士/机构(9 词)
property developer
房地产开发商
architect
建筑师
councillor
议员
pedestrian
步行者
dwellers
居民
residents
居民
occupants
居住者
schoolchildren
学生
the national grid
国家电网
(7) 其他(14 词)
context of the building
建筑周边环境
adjoining land
毗邻土地
town
城镇
villages
村庄
physical location
实际位置
self-contained communities
自给自足的社区
canal
运河
nature reserve
自然保护区
recycling system
回收系统
overhead power lines
高架电缆
extensive consultation exercise
广泛的咨询活动
redevelopment programme
重建项目
a run-down district
破旧的地区
disused stone quarry
废弃的采石场
2. 交通规划(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 交通方式(12 词)
bus routes
巴士线路
cycle paths
自行车道
main roads
主路
roadway
车道
residential streets
街道
footpaths
人行道
pedestrian access
人行通道
pavement
人行道
intersections
十字路口
bypass constructed
旁路建造
signage
信号灯
trial basis
(试运营)内测
(2) 规划的好处(2 词)
reducing traffic
缓解了交通压力
improve air quality
改善空气质量
3. 城市噪音(10 词)
acoustics
声学
urban soundscapes
城市声景
decibels
分贝
noise maps
噪音地图
acoustic engineer
声学工程师
decibel measurement
分贝测量仪
sound meter
声音测试仪测
perceptions of noise
对噪音的看法
social science techniques
社会科学技术
interdisciplinary research
跨学科研究
4. 城市垃圾(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 垃圾的分类(10 词)
household waste
家庭垃圾
domestic waste
家庭垃圾
virgin materials
原始材料
car bumpers
汽车保险杠
crushed glass
碎玻璃
toughened glass
强化玻璃
plastic bags
塑料袋
bottles
瓶子
polystyrene cups
聚苯乙烯杯子
polycups
塑料杯子
(2) 垃圾处理方式(7 词)
landfill sites
垃圾填埋
incineration plants
焚烧厂
water filtration
水体过滤
'bring banks'
“收集银行”(指从家里收集来的垃圾经常被运到的地方)
sorting
分类
baling into loads
整理装载
fibreglass manufacture
玻璃纤维制造
(3) 垃圾回收(6 词)
recycle waste
垃圾回收
recycling targets
回收目标
recycling paper
纸品回收
bottle banks
空瓶回收箱
'drop-off' sites
丢弃(回收)点
recycling containers
回收容器
(4) 垃圾回收的用途(6 词)
make roads
用于道路建设
office stationery
办公文具
soil conditioner
土壤调节剂
make containers
制成容器
pencils
铅笔
business cards
名片
(5) 环保的好处(5 词)
energy-efficient
高效节能
generate an electricity surplus
产生电力盈余
reduce carbon dioxide emissions
减少二氧化碳的排放
reduces greenhouse gas emissions
减少温室气体排放
environmentally-friendly
环保
5. 城市绿化(1 词)
urban landscape
城市景观
(1) 植被与土壤(17 词)
reed
芦苇
roots
根部
cornstalks
秸秆
lawn trimmings
草坪修剪的废料
Carbon-rich soil
富含碳的土壤
crumbly
松软的
fertile
肥沃的
erosion
腐蚀
terrain
地形, 地面
topsoil
表层土壤
so devoid of organic matter
如此缺乏有机成分
soil microbes
土壤中微生物
tiny organisms in the soil
土壤中微生物
fungi
真菌
fertiliser
化肥
compost
混合肥料,堆肥
manure
粪肥
(2) 植被作用(7 词)
break the force of winds
抵御风力
filter the wind
过滤风
release oxygen
释放氧气
prevent very large strong gusts
防止非常大的强阵风
improve the local climate
改善当地气候
make traffic noise a little quieter
让交通噪音小一点
Plants absorb Carbon Dioxide from the air and transform it into sugars and other carbon-based substances.
植物吸收空气中的二氧化碳，然后转化成糖分和其他含碳物质
(3) 形容城镇气候(7 词)
windy
刮风的
humid
潮湿的
cooler
更凉爽的
shady
阴凉的
temperature
气温
snowfall
降雪
tide goes
退潮
二、生态环境问题(0 词)
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1. 海洋问题(0 词)
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(1) 海域(18 词)
ocean currents
洋流
high rolling waves
惊涛骇浪
El Nino events
厄尔尼诺现象
variations in salinity
盐度变化
salt levels
盐度
the surface of the ocean
海洋表面水层
at the bottom of the ocean
海底
ocean floor
海底
coastline
海岸线
shore
海滨
ice-cap
冰盖
fresh water
淡水
icebergs
冰山
ice-shelf
冰架
streams
溪流
beach-netting
沙滩网
shark meshing
鲨鱼网
shark-netting
鲨鱼网
(2) 海洋生物(21 词)
marine creatures
海洋生物
marine mammals
海洋哺乳类
sharks
鲨鱼
Whales
鲸鱼
Dolphin
海豚
seals
海豹
humpback whales
座头鲸
octopus
章鱼
squid
鱿鱼
salmon
鲑鱼
tuna
金枪鱼
leatherback turtles
棱皮龟
plankton
浮游生物
endangered species
濒临灭绝的物种
fin
鳍
tail
尾巴
elastic skeleton
弹性骨架
cartilage
软骨
barbs
倒钩
ocean biodiversity
海洋生物多样性
biodiversity hotspots
生物多样性热点
(3) 影响(5 词)
the biological implications of ocean processes
海洋运动对生物的影响
oil exploration
石油勘探
oil leaks
漏油
ultra-violet radiation levels
紫外线辐射水平
Mass Strandings
大规模搁浅
(4) 措施(9 词)
fisheries legislation
渔业立法
preserve fish stocks
保存鱼类资源
sustainable fishing practices
捕鱼业的可持续发展
Conservation Trust
保护基金
set up more reserves
建立更多的海洋储备
create corridors for migration
建立迁移通道
retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans
保护全球海洋物种的多样性
tackle the problem of "by-catch“
解决”附带捕捞"的问题
action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.
降低捕鱼频率以保护因为过度捕捞而濒临灭绝的物种。
2. 气候变化(9 词)
climate change
气候变化
weather forecasting
天气预报
cloud movements
云的运动
wind patterns
风型
global warming
全球变暖
ozone depletion
臭氧耗竭
drought
干旱
polar climate
极地气候
completely dark
极夜
(1) 主因(4 词)
major cause
主因
carbon dioxide (CO2)
二氧化碳
deforestation
采伐森林
logging companies have stripped the land by cutting down a large number of trees.
伐木公司通过砍伐大量树木而剥夺了土地。
(2) 对策(1 词)
enhancing the role of the soil that plants grow in, with regard to absorbing CO2.
增强植物生长的土壤在吸收二氧化碳方面的作用。
3. 野生动物(2 词)
wild animals
野生动物
wildlife
野生动物
(1) 种类(16 词)
species
物种
Asiatic lions
亚洲狮
black bear
黑熊
spirit bear
精灵(白)熊
frogs
青蛙
Hedgehogs
刺猬
ducks
鸭子
sparrow-hawks
麻雀鹰
song thrush
欧歌鸫; 画眉鸟
parasites
寄生虫
worm
蠕虫
mites
螨虫
pests
害虫
insects
昆虫
predators
食肉动物; 捕食者
prey
猎物
(2) 生态圈(5 词)
ecology
生态
ecosystem
生态体系
food chain
食物链
reproduction
繁殖
hibernation
冬眠
三、科技问题(0 词)
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1. 太空相关(10 词)
satellite
卫星
float
浮舟
meteorological stations
气象站
satellite relays
卫星继电器
beamed up to the satellite
发送到卫星
computer-generation technology
计算机生成技术
Landsats
陆地卫星
transmit visual information
传送图像信息
ozone layer
臭氧层
airforce base
空军基地
2. 化学物质(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 化学成分及物质(2 词)
mercury
汞元素(Hg)
coal
煤炭
(2) 用途(2 词)
thermometers
温度计
power plants
发电站
(3) 形容化学物质(3 词)
shiny
发光的
silvery
银色的
highly toxic
有剧毒
(4) 危害与影响(1 词)
contaminated site
污染地
四、地理学(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
1. 具体研究领域(10 词)
Specific study areas
具体研究领域
geography
地理学
bio-physical geography
生物地理学
historical geography
历史地理学
political geography
政治地理学
topography
地形学
social geography
社会地理学
urban geography
城市地理学
cartography
制图学;绘图法
economic geography
经济地理
2. 地理学家的工作(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
(1) 收集数据(3 词)
collect data
收集数据
conduct censuses
进行人口普查
images of the earth's surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays.
借助计算机生成技术和卫星继电器，我们采集地球表面的图像。
(2) 数据分析(3 词)
analyse data
数据分析
identify patterns
识别模式
causes and consequences
因果关系
(3) 发表发现(4 词)
publish findings
发表发现
Map
地图
aerial photos
航拍照片
Landsat pictures sent to receiving stations
陆地卫星图片发送到接收站
3. 考察点(8 词)
Antarctica
南极洲
South Pole
南极
Arctic
北极洲
North Pole
北极
Antarctic expeditions
南极探险
Antarctic Treaty
《南极条约》
dome
沙丘
desert
沙漠
五、同义替换(122 词)
symbolic meaning = central symbolic idea = metaphor
象征意义；隐喻；寓意
disused = had been empty for some years
废弃的；空置多年的
Beside = was bordered to
在旁边；接壤
approached by = cross over
穿过
large = huge = massive
巨大的
be made of = be constructed from
由...组成
allow adjustment = adjustable
可调节
There are not so many bus routes. = So parts of the town are no longer served by buses.
于是城镇的很多地方都没有巴士了。
expand = increase the number of space = enlarge
扩张；扩增空间
move to a new location = reopen on a different site
搬到新位置；在其他地方重新开放
refurbish = redecorate
修缮，整修；再装修
opening hours extended = open later into the evening, twice a week
营业至深夜每周两次
have new management = the council will no longer be in charge of the area. Instead it will become the responsibility of a national body that administers most nature reserves in the country.
然而有一点变化是这个镇议会不在管理这一方面事务。而是由一个负责全国自然保护的国家机构接手管理。(语境式同替)
political issue = political matter
政治问题
sleep disturbance = interrupted sleep
睡眠障碍；睡眠被打扰
increase in amount of stress = a rise in levels of stress
压力增加
do not get much training = receive very little training
接受很少的培训
psychology = thought and feelings
心理；想法和感觉
understand = learn
理解
local people = public
当地人
local groups = Community groups
当地社区；社区团体
method of water treatment = with up-to-the-minute features such as a recycling system - the only one of its kind in the world - which enables seawater to be used in the pool.
和最新的特色结合起来，比如回收系统--是世界上这种唯一的一个，这使得在泳池中使用海水成为可能。(语境式同替)
size = room
空间
statue = sculpture
雕像
at the door = at the entrance
在入口处
animals = snakes = orang-utans = tigers = fauna
动物群；猩猩；老虎
jewels = precious stones
宝石
space = rockets and the International Space Station
太空；火箭和国际空间站
ancient forts = medieval castles and other fortifications
古堡；中世纪城堡和其他堡垒
waterways = river
水路；航道
concerned about = worried about
担心
pedestrian safety = the increasing speed of cars near schools.They feel that it is only a matter of time before there is an accident as a lot of the children walk to the school.
学校附近的车速度越来越快的问题。很多孩子走路上学，所以他们觉得这样迟早会发生意外事故。(语境式同替)
move ... underground = buried
铺设到地下；埋到地下
XX will be paid for by A. = A bear the cost of XX.
XX 将由A 支付；A 承担XX 的成本
dwellers = residents
居民
footpaths = pedestrian access = pavement
人行道；人行通道
coloured = painted red
彩色的；涂成红色
artwork = paintings
艺术品；绘画
lack of = here aren't enough
缺乏
utilised = used
利用
at the bottom of the ocean = ocean floor
海底
along the coastline = parallel to the shore
沿着海岸线
beach-netting = shark meshing = shark-netting
鲨鱼网
warmest months = summer = 南半球(澳洲的)November to February
最温暖的月份；夏季
At present = has already = That's happening right now
目前
In the long-term future = still a long way off = still a long way in the future = We'll be seeing the results of that quite soon.
在长期的未来；还有很长的路要走；我们很快就能看到效果了。
agricultural = crop = grain
农业的；农作物；谷类
quite cheap = The price was relatively low
价格相对低廉
floors = storeys
楼层
two layers = a double layer
双层
produce electricity more than it needs = generate an electricity surplus
产生电盈余
Recycled wood = reclaimed wood
再生木材
household waste = domestic waste = the waste produced in the house
家庭垃圾
large quantities of = massive amounts of
大量的
wanted to = wondered
想知道
keep a record of animals they saw. = ticking off species they had seen.
记录见过的物种
representative = typical
有代表性的；典型的
wildlife = wild animals
野生动物
rural areas = countryside
农村地区
easy = no difficulties
容易的
a variety of = an extensive range of
多种多样的
consume = ingest = feed on = eat
食用; 摄入
learn = acquire this skill = acquisition
习得这种技能；获得
less = aren't as complex as
没有那么复杂多样
turn... into... = transform... into...
将...转化为...
big = large
大的
the surface of the Earth = the earth's surface
地球表面
lifestyles = the ways in which we choose to live
我们所选择的生存方式
find data = collect data
收集数据
identify = look for
识别
publish findings = don't keep all this information confidential
不会对他人保密
easy to carry = can be folded and put in a pocket
能够折叠放在口袋里
map = atlas
地图
vegetation problems = diseased trees
受灾的树木
traffic density = how much traffic is on the roads at a given time
交通密度
helps finance campaigns = uses its money to support campaigns
赞助活动
better known = more widely publicised and understood
更广泛的公开和理解
has not been seen = hasn't yet been sighted
还没有被看到
photograph = camera
照片；相机
newest = latest
最新的
unusual shape = it's easy to find because she has a particularly large fin on her back, which makes her easy to identify.
很容易找到她，因为她后背上的鳍特别的大，这使她极易辨认。(语境式同替)
rich in food = high concentrations of food
食物非常丰富
sufficient = enough
充足的
under = below
在...下面
make a distribution map = produce a map showing its distribution
制作分布图
establish = create
建立
purpose of = want for
目的
more than = over
超过
is classified as = falls into the category of
被归为...
the purpose of = aim to
目的
geographically well positioned = Well actually New Zealand is the second closest country to Antarctica and Christchurch is often used on Antarctic expeditions.
新西兰是离南极洲第二近的国家，而很多次南极远征都会选择基督城作为大本营。
equipment = clothing warehouse = specialist library = mapping services
设备；服装库房；专业图书馆；制图服务
show people what Antarctica is like. = recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica.
展示南极的样子；重现南极的氛围
accommodation = tent
住宿；帐篷
extremely beautiful = awesome beauty
极其美丽
geological evidence = fossils and rocks
地质证据；化石和岩石
peaceful use = no military use
没有军事用途
no nuclear testing = prohibits any nuclear explosions or waste disposal
禁止做任何核爆试验或处理核废料
navigation = navigate
导航
toxins = poisons
毒素；毒药
military tests = military exercises
军事演习
special = uncommon = unusual
特殊的
stop = prevent
阻止
a small number of = a few
少数
deforestation = cut down trees
采伐森林
construction = built
建设
Unrestricted = no legal limit
没有限制的；没有出法律限制
improve method = adopt a better method
采取更好的方式
territory = habitat
领土；栖息地
pests = mites = parasites
害虫；螨虫；寄生虫
carry parasites = are infested with mites
携带寄生虫；身上滋生了很多螨虫
are sold to customers abroad. = exports
销往国外客户；出口
economy would be affected = lose a lot of money
经济会受到影响
only = as long as
只要
soften = make them softer
变软
disappeared = saw its last Asiatic lion roaming free two thousand years ago.
最后一次被发现游走在欧洲大概是在2000 年以前。(语境式同替)
stomach = undersides whereas
腹部
threat = threaten their survival = danger
威胁
protected by = saved by
被某人保护/拯救
A large part of = a significant proportion of
大部分的
consists of = be made up of
由...组成
water is short = drought
干旱
六、常见失误(0 词)
— 章节概述 —
1. 拼写(20 词)
canal
运河
culture
文化
incineration plants
焚烧厂
hairdresser
理发师
temperature
气温
activated
激活
cigar
雪茄
insulation
绝缘
behaviour
行为
moist
湿润的
variety
多样性
cattle
牛
distortion
(使)变形, (使)失真
tide
潮汐
expansion
扩张
gene
基因
erosion
腐蚀
reproduction
繁殖
laboratory = lab
实验室
diet
饮食
2. 复数(25 词)
roads
道路
containers
容器
pencils
铅笔
business cards
名片
cities
城市
leaves
叶子
frogs
青蛙
predators
捕食者
seeds
种子
insects
昆虫
ducks
鸭子
roots
根部
gardens
花园
grasses
草
problems
问题
images
图像
patterns
模式
ocean currents
洋流
platforms
平台
strangers
陌生人
roads
道路
islands
岛屿
methods
方法
wings
翅膀
attack humans
攻击人类
3. 数字(12 词)
Two million = 2,000,000
两百万
seven billion = 7,000,000,000
七十亿
3500
三千五百
58
五十八
1450
一千四百五十
five hundred thousand = 500,000
五十万
seven hundred and ninety-five = 795
七百九十五
fifty kilometres (美式: kilometers) = 50km = 50kms = fifty km = fifty kms = 50,000 metres
五十公里
three-and-a-half billion = 3,500,000,000
三十五亿
12.5%
百分之十二点五
GT82LC
GT82LC
19 = nineteen
十九
七、口语摘录(22 词)
This might sound off-putting.
可能听起来没什么意思。
Well, as you don't need me to tell you, ...
嗯，我想众所周知，...
First I'll briefly give you some background information, then I'll be asking you for your comments on ...
首先我会简单为大家带来一些背景信息，然后我会邀请各位对...发表看法。
This is going to be tricky.
这会很棘手。
And that's important - we need rules and regulations because noise can cause all sorts of problems.
因为噪音可能会引起各种各样的问题，所以规章制度的管理是很重要的。
with up-to-the-minute features such as a recycling system.
和最新的特色结合起来，比如回收系统。
Oddly enough,...
奇怪的是,...
But this high quality comes at a cost in terms of the waste produced during the process.
但是这个高质量在生产过程中的废物产出方面造成了一些成本。
That's impressive.
这太棒了！
So what are the implications here for humans?
那么这对人类有什么影响呢？
In the end, it comes down to whether more value is placed on human economic well-being or environmental well-being.
最后，又回到了应该侧重经济发展还是环境发展的问题。
Some argue that's too much to pay to protect wild life. But as we've seen , the issues go beyond that , and I think it's an issue we need to consider very carefully.
有人认为为了保护环境付出的代价太大了。但我们可以看到，问题远远超出了这些，并且我认为这是我们必须认真思考的问题。
It's hoped in the future that projects such as these will demonstrate the role that farmers and other land managers can play in reducing the harmful effects of greenhouse gases.
希望在未来，这些项目将有望提高农民以及土地管理者在减少温室效应中做出的巨大贡献。
It tries to raise people's awareness of the problems these marine creatures are suffering because of pollution and other threats.
它试图唤起人们对海豚因为污染和其他威胁所遭受的问题引起重视。
I couldn't put the book down - I was hooked.
我放不下这本书了--我被吸引住了。
I think that being at the cutting edge of science has a special appeal for everyone working in Antarctica, in whatever capacity.
我想在科学的最前沿对每一个在南极工作的人都有着特殊的魅力，不论能力大小。
I have and each time I'm struck by the awesome beauty of the place. It's magnificent but you can really only visit it in the summer months.
我去过几次，而每一次我都被南极的美丽所震撼。那景象太壮观了。
Which is marvellous.
这太重要了。
Well, I'm afraid we're going to have to stop there because I'm afraid we've run out of time. Thanks for coming along today and telling us all about the centre and its work.
好了，我们节目的时间到了，所以很遗憾我们要在此打住了。谢谢您今天来到我们的节目跟我们分享了这么多关于南极研究中心的事情。
To make matters worse, the number of salmon in those streams is declining because there is no legal limit on fishing at the moment.
让事情更糟的是，因为目前没有对捕鱼做出限制的法律，在那些溪流里的鲑鱼数量也减少了。
Right, well, over to you, Grant.
好的，那接下来就交给你了，格兰特。
That sounds a bit unpleasant.
这听上去有些恶心。