| 项目 | 内容 |
|---|
| 题型 | Discuss Both Views（讨论类） |
| 话题 | 发展类 - 国际援助 |
| 关键词 | developed countries, moral obligation, aid, developing countries, harm |
| 考察能力 | 分析国际援助的复杂效果 |
【开头段】
├── 背景：question has long divided opinion
├── 让步：acknowledge concerns about effectiveness
├── 立场：moral responsibility exists
└── 限定：form and delivery require consideration
【主体段1 - 支持援助】
├── 道德论证
│ ├── historical redress（colonisation）
│ └── common humanity（preventable suffering）
├── 实际利益
│ ├── reduces migration pressures
│ ├── prevents disease spread
│ ├── expands markets
│ └── international security
└── 总结：not a zero-sum game
【主体段2 - 质疑援助】
├── 问题1：creates dependency
├── 问题2：enriches corrupt elites
├── 问题3：tied to donor interests
├── 替代方案：trade, technology transfer
└── 承认：critiques cannot be dismissed
【主体段3 - 改革方案】
├── 立场：reform, not abandon
├── 原则：transparent, accountable, partnership
├── 重点：build local capacity
├── 方法：cash transfers, microfinance
└── 配套：fair trade, debt relief
【结尾段】
├── 让步：past aid has fallen short
├── 核心：moral case not negated
├── 方案：better aid + systemic changes
└── 结尾：neither defensible nor in interest
| 词汇/短语 | 含义 | 用法示例 |
|---|
| historical redress | 历史补偿 | there is a case for historical redress |
| common humanity | 共同的人性 | common humanity demands a response |
| zero-sum game | 零和游戏 | prosperity is not a zero-sum game |
| funnelled through | 通过...输送 | money funnelled through corrupt governments |
| tied to | 与...挂钩 | aid tied to donor country interests |
| build local capacity | 建设本地能力 | should build local capacity |
| cash transfers | 现金转账 | direct support through cash transfers |
| local agency | 本地能动性 | respectful of local agency |
| 原句 | 可迁移到 |
|---|
| "at the expense of" | 任何讨论代价的话题 |
| "not a zero-sum game" | 国际合作、竞争话题 |
| "enriches elites rather than reaching those in need" | 腐败、不平等话题 |
| "build capacity rather than create dependency" | 教育、发展话题 |
| "complement rather than substitute for" | 政策配合话题 |
